Anyone preparing to become a certified elementary school teacher in Texas will eventually encounter the TExES certification exams. Two of the most commonly discussed exams in this process are TExES 291 and TExES 391. Although they may seem similar at first glance, there are critical differences between these two exams that aspiring teachers need to understand clearly. These differences not only affect how you prepare but also how you plan your teaching career in Texas. The distinction between the TExES 291 and TExES 391 is essential for understanding the structure of the exams, their content focus, and how they align with certification standards set by the Texas Education Agency (TEA).
Understanding TExES Certification Exams
What is TExES?
TExES stands for the Texas Examinations of Educator Standards. It is a series of exams designed to assess whether a candidate has the knowledge and skills necessary to teach in Texas public schools. Each exam is aligned with specific subject areas and grade levels. Passing the appropriate TExES exam is a crucial requirement for teacher certification in the state.
Why Exam Versions Matter
The Texas Education Agency periodically updates and revises certification exams to reflect changes in educational standards, teaching practices, and student learning goals. When a new version of an exam is introduced such as the shift from TExES 291 to 391 it usually includes updated content and structure to match current expectations for educators.
Overview of TExES 291
TExES 291: Core Subjects EC6 (Retired)
The TExES 291 was previously the required exam for candidates seeking certification to teach Core Subjects in grades EC6 (Early Childhood through 6th grade). It included multiple subject areas and assessed a wide range of content knowledge necessary for elementary teachers.
Structure of TExES 291
- Subject areas included: English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR), Mathematics, Social Studies, Science, and Fine Arts/Health/PE.
- The test was divided into five sections, each with multiple-choice questions.
- Total test time was around 5 hours, with individual subtests timed separately.
- Test takers had to pass all subject areas; if one section was failed, only that section had to be retaken.
Why It Was Replaced
The TExES 291 was retired in 2022 and replaced by TExES 391. The TEA replaced it to improve the validity of assessments, ensure stronger subject-specific knowledge, and align more closely with current educational standards and teacher effectiveness initiatives.
Overview of TExES 391
TExES 391: Core Subjects EC6 (Current)
TExES 391 is the updated and currently active version of the Core Subjects EC6 exam. It is the required certification exam for individuals who want to become generalist teachers at the elementary level in Texas. While the general format remains similar to 291, several refinements and content changes have been introduced.
Structure of TExES 391
- Subject areas: Same as 291 ELAR, Mathematics, Social Studies, Science, Fine Arts/Health/PE.
- More rigorous and content-specific questions.
- Each subject area is still scored individually.
- Higher emphasis on literacy development and scientific reasoning.
- Total testing time is slightly longer, with updated break policies.
Changes Introduced in TExES 391
The new exam version has enhanced depth in subject content. For example, literacy components now include more emphasis on foundational reading skills, including phonics, phonemic awareness, and vocabulary development. Mathematics includes more advanced topics aligned with newer elementary math curricula. Science and social studies sections also reflect updated curriculum standards and best practices in instruction.
Main Differences Between TExES 291 and TExES 391
1. Content Updates
While both exams test the same core subject areas, TExES 391 incorporates more detailed and updated content. There is a greater focus on literacy instruction, cognitive development, and culturally responsive teaching practices.
2. Test Format and Delivery
TExES 391 has revised question formats and more performance-based assessments. Some questions are designed to assess higher-order thinking and classroom decision-making. The user interface for taking the test is also updated for a smoother testing experience.
3. Standards Alignment
One of the biggest differences is alignment with the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). TExES 391 is more closely tied to TEKS updates and better reflects the day-to-day reality of modern Texas classrooms.
4. Rigor and Depth
Test-takers have reported that TExES 391 is generally more rigorous than 291, especially in areas like reading comprehension and mathematical reasoning. The TEA designed this to ensure teacher candidates have stronger foundations in essential subjects before entering the classroom.
Implications for Test Takers
Preparation Strategies
Because TExES 391 is more rigorous, candidates should prepare differently than they might have for TExES 291. A few key tips include:
- Review updated TEKS standards for EC6 content areas.
- Use updated prep books that reflect TExES 391 content.
- Take practice tests that simulate the newer question formats.
- Focus on instructional strategies as well as content knowledge.
Scoring and Retesting
Both exams score each subject area separately. If a candidate fails one subject section, they only need to retake that section. This format provides some flexibility in retesting, but it’s still important to be well-prepared for every part of the exam.
Which Exam Should You Take?
TExES 291 Availability
The TExES 291 exam is no longer offered. However, teachers who passed it before its retirement still have valid certification. If you are beginning your teacher preparation journey now, TExES 391 is the exam you must take.
TExES 391 as the Current Standard
TExES 391 represents the new standard for Core Subjects EC6 certification. It’s more aligned with modern classroom needs and state teaching standards. Anyone entering a Texas educator preparation program today will be required to pass this exam.
In summary, while both TExES 291 and TExES 391 serve a similar purpose certifying elementary teachers in Texas they differ in important ways. The updated TExES 391 exam is more rigorous, aligns better with current Texas standards, and provides a more accurate measure of a teacher’s readiness for today’s diverse classrooms. Understanding these differences is essential for teacher candidates who want to prepare effectively and succeed on their certification path. Focusing on the current exam structure, aligning study plans with TEKS, and using up-to-date resources are the best strategies to meet the challenge of the TExES 391 exam and begin a successful teaching career in Texas.